Backpropagation and Deep Learning in the Brain

Explore a comprehensive lecture on backpropagation and deep learning in the brain, delivered by Timothy Lillicrap from DeepMind Technologies Limited. Delve into the credit assignment problem and its solution in artificial networks, examining the biological plausibility of backpropagation. Investigate neuroscientific evidence supporting backprop-like learning in the brain and analyze a spectrum of credit assignment algorithms. Learn how to convince neuroscientists that the cortex employs backprop-like learning mechanisms. Examine reinforcement learning, including single-trial scenarios, outcome measurements, and parameter updates using policy gradients. Compare various approaches such as feedback alignment, energy-based models, and target propagation. Discover new neuron models and explore future directions in the field of computational neuroscience and deep learning.

Intro
The credit assignment problem
The solution in artificial networks: backprop
Why Isn't Backprop "Biologically Plausible"?
Neuroscience Evidence for Backprop in the Brain?
A spectrum of credit assignment algorithms
How to convince a neuroscientist that the cortex is learning via [something like] backprop
What about reinforcement learning?
A Single Trial of Reinforcement Learning
Measuring Outcomes
Update Parameters with the Policy Gradient
Training Neural Networks with Policy Gradients
The backpropagation solution (AKA 'Weight transport)
Feedback alignment
Energy based models.
Question
Constraints on learning rules.
Target propagation
Gradient free DTP variants
Performance on ImageNet
New Models of a Neuron
Future Directions
Difference target-propagation (DTP)