Overview and Integration of Cellular Metabolism

ABOUT THE COURSE:Every single cell in human body is constantly engaged in millions of chemical reactions that are vital to the survival of the cell and, by extension, the entire human body. The term "metabolism" is used to describe the sum total of a cell's chemical reactions. It encompasses intake, utilization, transport, breakdown and formation of different biomolecules which themselves are interconnected to each other through a complex metabolic web. The course will provide a detailed in-depth knowledge to the major metabolic pathways from a clinical perspective. It will also discuss the important human diseases related to metabolism.INTENDED AUDIENCE: MBBS students, BSc Nursing. BSc Biological Science, Bsc Nutrition, MD Biochemistry Students, Msc Medical Biochemistty Students.PREREQUISITES: Basic concepts in Chemistry and BiologyINDUSTRY SUPPORT: Healthcare Sector, Biotechnology and Biosciences

Week 1: 1.Introduction to Bioenergetics with special reference to exergonic and endergonic reactions, free energy calculations, high-energy bonds etc.
2.Regulation of enzymatic activity by allosteric mechanisms and covalent modifications.
3.Digestion and Absorption of dietary carbohydrates
4.Glycolysis, alcohol and lactic acid fermentation and Gluconeogenesis
5.Reciprocal regulation of Glycolysis and gluconeogenesisWeek 2:1.Cori cycle, glucose-alanine cycle, futile cycle
2.TCA cycle-I (Including Pyruvate Dehydrogenase reaction)
3.TCA cycle-II (Energetics, Regulation and Anaplerosis)
4.HMP shunt -I (Metabolic Steps and Phases)
5.HMP shunt -II (Products and Genetic deficiency of Glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase)Week 3:1.Glycogenesis
2.Glycogenolysis
3.Regulation of glycogen metabolism
4.Glycogen Storage Disorders
5.Galactose Metabolism and Associated DisordersWeek 4:1.Fructose Metabolism and Associated Disorders
2.Regulation of Blood Glucose Level
3.Diabetes Mellitus (Types, Diagnosis and Metabolic Alterations)
4.Digestion and absorption of Lipid
5.Lipoprotein metabolism- I (Types and Chylomicron Metabolism)Week 5:1.Lipoprotein metabolism- II (Metabolism of VLDL and LDL)
2.Lipoprotein metabolism- III (Metabolism of HDL and Reverse Cholesterol Transport)
3.β-oxidation of fatty acids-I (Saturated Fatty Acids;even and odd chain fatty acids)
4.β-oxidation of fatty acids-II (monounsaturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acids and peroxisomal β-oxidation)
5.β-oxidation of fatty acids-III (Energetics and Regulation and genetic disorders of mitochondrial and peroxisomal β-oxidation)Week 6:1.Metabolism of Ketone Bodies
2.Biosynthesis of Fatty Acid
3.Overview of biosynthesis of triacylglycerol, phosphoglycerides and sphingolipids
4.Cholesterol Metabolism
5.Digestion and absorption of ProteinsWeek 7:1.Transamination and Deamination
2.Ammonia Metabolism -Formation, Transport, Degradation and Mechanism of Toxicity
3.Urea cycle -I (Precursors and Metabolic Cycle)
4.Urea cycle -II (Regulation and associated disorders)
5.Metabolism of Phenylalanine and Associated Disorders Week 8:1.Metabolism of Tyrosine and Associated Disorders
2.Important Products from Tyrosine – I (Catecholamine Synthesis and Degradation)
3.Important Products from Tyrosine – II (Thyroid hormones and Melanin)
4.Metabolism of Tryptophan and Associated Disorders
5.Metabolism of Methionine and CysteineWeek 9:1.Metabolism of Glycine (Formation and Biologically Important Products)
2.Metabolism of Serine (Including One Carbon metabolism)
3.Metabolism of Branched Chain Amino acids and Associated Disorders
4.Metabolism of Histidine, Proline and Arginine
5.Heme Metabolism - I (Heme Synthesis and Regulation)Week 10:1.Heme Metabolism - II (Porphyrias)
2.Heme Metabolism -III (Heme Degradation and Transport)
3.Hyper Bilirubinemia and Jaundice
4.Nucleotide Metabolism – I (Purine Metabolism)
5.Nucleotide Metabolism – II (Pyrimidine Metabolism and regulation)Week 11:1.Nucleotide Metabolism – III (Associated disorders of nucleotide metabolism)
2.Integration of Metabolism (A brief introduction to metabolic regulation with special reference to rate-limiting steps) - I
3.Integration of Metabolism (Metabolic control analysis) - II
4.Dietary Fibers and their role in Metabolism
5.Nutritional disorders: PEM (Kwashiorkor and Marasmus)Week 12:1.Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
2.Role of Adipokines in Obesity (Leptin and Adiponectin)
3.Complications of Metabolic Syndrome
4.Metabolism in cancer cells – I
5.Metabolism in cancer cells – II