Updates on Diagnosis of Meningitis and Encephalitis

Explore the latest updates on diagnosing meningitis and encephalitis in this comprehensive physician grand rounds presentation. Delve into essential topics including CNS infection definitions, blood-brain barrier basics, and typical time courses of neurologic disorders. Examine community-acquired meningitis recognition, etiologies, and microbiology based on risk factors and presentation. Compare disease recognition between encephalitis and meningitis, focusing on major pathogens and diagnostic clues. Learn about HSV encephalitis clinical presentation and general principles of diagnostic approaches for CNS infections. Discover time-sensitive strategies for bacterial meningitis diagnosis, including physical examination, lumbar puncture, CSF examination, and neuroimaging techniques. Explore newer molecular diagnostics, including multiplex PCR, and understand their limitations in revolutionizing CNS infection diagnosis.

Intro
Educational Objectives
Today's Outline
Case Presentation (Cont'd)
CNS Infections (Definitions)
Few Important Basics 1. Blood-Brain Barrier
Few Important Basics 3. Typical Time Course of Neurologic Disorders
Community-Acquired Meningitis Disease Recognition
Etiologies of Community-Acquired Meningitis
Etiology of Bacterial Meningitis in US
Bacterial Meningitis Microbiology Based on Risk Factors
Microbiology Based on Presentation/Risk Factors
Disease Recognition of Encephalitis Compared to Meningitis
Major Pathogens of Encephalitis
Encephalitis Diagnostic Clue in History
HSV Encephalitis Clinical Presentation
CNS Infection General Principles of Diagnostic Approach
Approach to Possible Bacterial Meningitis Time is Money!!
Physical Examination
Lumbar Puncture
CSF Examination
Typical CSF Findings
Typical CSF Appearance of Bacterial Meningitis
Neuroimaging (CT and MRI)
Newer Molecular Diagnostics
Examples of Panel Contents
Is Multiplex PCR Game Changer? Important Limitations