Introduction to Database Systems

COURSE OUTLINE : Databases are the backbone of almost all the digital services and e-governance solutions. Modern businesses and financial systems heavily depend on databases systems and transaction processing for their successful operation. This course introduces the students to the various theoretical and practical principles involved in the design and use of databases systems with the help of database management systems (DBMS) and the SQL Standard.

Introduction.
Database Architecture.
RDBMS Architecture.
Introduction to ER Model.
Entities and Relationships.
Modelling Weak Entities and Design Choices.
Relational Data Model and Notion of Keys.
Introduction to Relational Algebra.
Operators in Relational Model.
Uses of Renaming, Join and Division in Relation Algebra.
Example Queries in Relation Model and Outer Join Operation.
Convert ER-Model to a Relational Model.
Introduction to tuple relational calculus.
Example TRC queries.
Data definition using SQL.
Basic SQL query block and subqueries.
Correlated subqueries.
Aggregate functions.
Views.
Programmatic access of SQL.
Normal forms - Introduction.
Deriving new functional dependencies.
Proving soundness and completeness of Armstrong's Axioms.
Normal forms - 2 NF, 3NF, BCNF.
Properties of decompositions.
Normal forms - 4NF, 5NF.
File orgranization methods.
File orgranization methods.
Dynamic File orgranization using Hashing.
Index Structures.
B+ trees on Disks.
Performance and Reliability of Multiple Disks.
Relational Query Evaluation.
Join Operator Processing Algorithms.
Query optimization.
ACID properties and operations in transactions.
Schdeules.
Concurrency control using Locks.
Recovery using undo logging method.
Recovery using Redo and Undo-Redo logging methods.
Recoverable schdeules and transaction isolation levels.