CMU Low Resource NLP Bootcamp 2020 - Linguistics: Phonology and Morphology

Explore the fundamentals of phonology and morphology in this comprehensive lecture from the CMU Low Resource NLP Bootcamp 2020. Delve into language structure, levels of representation, and the origins of linguistic knowledge. Learn about the three subfields of phonetics, articulation mechanics, and the International Phonetic Alphabet. Discover why orthography alone is insufficient and how to utilize IPA effectively. Examine sound patterns, allophones, morpheme variations, and phonological processes such as apocope, voicing assimilation, and schwa epenthesis. Gain insights into linguistic phenomena that impact natural language processing, especially in low-resource scenarios.

Intro
Outline
Language Structure
Levels of Representation (simplified)
Where Does Linguistic Knowledge Come from?
Three subfields of phonetics
Articulatory phonetics
Place of articulation: vowels
Manner of articulation
Voicing (phonation)
Linguists use confusion terminology
The International Phonetic Alphabet
Tone and other Suprasegmentals
Why not just use orthography?
Getting IPA
What is the IPA good for?
Sound patterns
Allophones of English Plosives
Different forms of the Same Morpheme
Maori Apocope
Voicing Assimilation
Schwa Epenthesis
Similarity in Names