The Monsoon and Its Variability

In this course, observations of the monsoon and its variability on different spatial and temporal scales will be discussed. The necessary background for understanding the physics of the monsoon and its variability involves basic understanding of cloud systems in the tropics, tropical dynamics as well as of phenomena such as El Nino to which it is linked.After a detailed exposition of the background, the present understanding about the nature of the system responsible for the monsoon and mechanisms which lead to its variability will be elucidated. Skill of the state of art models in simulating and predicting the variability of the monsoon will be assessed and problems and prospects of improvement of predictions will be considered. In addition, the impact of the Indian monsoon on  agriculture and the economy will be discussed.

Mod-01 Lec-01 Preamble and Introduction to the Indian Monsoon.
Mod-01 Lec-02 Nature of the variability of the Indian Monsoon.
Mod-01 Lec-03 Monsoon variability through the eye in the sky,.
Mod-02 Lec-04 Background about the atmosphere and rotating systems.
Mod-03 Lec-05 Rainfall and clouds over the tropics.
Mod-03 Lec-06 Organization of clouds over mesoscale, synoptic scale and planetary scales.
Mod-04 Lec-07 The Indian monsoon: is it a gigantic land-sea breeze?.
Mod-04 Lec-08 Monsoons and the seasonal variation of tropical circulation and rainfall.
Mod-04 Lec-09 Evolution of the ideas about the basic system.
Mod-04 Lec-10 Evolution of the ideas about the basic system.
Mod-05 Lec-11 Tropical Convergence Zones and the Indian monsoon - Part 1.
Mod-05 Lec-12 Tropical Convergence Zones and the Indian monsoon - Part 2.
Mod-06 Lec-13 Variability of organized convection over the tropical oceans.
Mod-07 Lec-14 Heat lows and the TCZ.
Mod-07 Lec-15 Monsoonal regions of the world.
Mod-08 Lec-16 Seasonal transitions -Part 1: spring to summer transition.
Mod-08 Lec-17 Seasonal transitions - Part 2: : spring to summer transition.
Mod-08 Lec-18 Seasonal transitions - Part 3: Advance and retreat of the summer monsoon.
Mod-08 Lec-19 Climatic clusters of the Indian region.
Mod-09 Lec-20 Active-weak spells and breaks in the monsoon - Part 1.
Mod-09 Lec-21 Active-weak spells and breaks in the monsoon - Part2.
Mod-09 Lec-22 Intraseasonal variation and intraseasonal oscillations.
Mod-10 Lec-23 The tropical oceans.
Mod-11 Lec-24 El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Part 1.
Mod-11 Lec-25 El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Part 2.
Mod-11 Lec-26 El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Part 3.
Mod-11 Lec-27 El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Part 4.
Mod-11 Lec-28 El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Part 5.
Mod-11 Lec-29 El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Part 6.
Mod-12 Lec-30 Indian Ocean and the monsoon - Part 1.
Mod-12 Lec-31 Indian Ocean and the monsoon - Part 2.
Mod-12 Lec-32 Indian Ocean Dipole - Part 1.
Mod-12 Lec-33 Indian Ocean Dipole - Part 2.
Mod-13 Lec-34 Interannual variation of the Indian summer.
Mod-14 Lec-35 Monsoon Variability and Agriculture - Part 1.
Mod-14 Lec-36 Monsoon Variability and Agriculture - Part 2.
Mod-14 Lec-37 Monsoon Variability and Agriculture - Part 3.
Mod-14 Lec-38 Monsoon Variability and Agriculture - Part 4.
Mod-14 Lec-39 Indian Summer Monsoon, GDP and Agriculture.
Mod-15 Lec-40 Monsoon Prediction – Part 1.
Mod-15 Lec-41 Monsoon Prediction - Part 2.
Mod-16 Lec-42 Concluding Remarks.