法与社会 Law and Society

       一百余年来，人类生活的动态化、复杂化趋势越来越明显。尤其是货币、权力、技术、信息等媒介系统的发达，打破了传统文化的藩篱和主权国家的疆界，加速了制度变迁。进入二十一世纪后，社会的风险性、相对性、不确定性进一步增强。

       在这样的背景下，中国法律与审判的现存模式也面临日新月异的形势压力，受到来自不同方面的挑战。为了更好地解决现实问题，立法机关、执法部门、法官、检察官以及律师们都必须更透彻地分析、理解以及反思社会环境。为了根据客观需要改善法律制度，无论借鉴外国的经验还是在试错过程中进行创新，人们都必须精通关于社会的各种知识和思想。

      中国社会是一个超大规模的复杂系统。其中人际关系网络纵横交错，发挥非常重要的自组织化作用。在这里，无论个体还是群体，行为方式和思维方式都很有文化特色，同时又贯穿着具有普遍意义的实践理性。以此为基础，社会规范体系的构成、法律制度设计、审判实务、权利意识、关于公正的社会心理以及秩序形成的机制都构成比较法学上的一种典型。本课程采取“法与社会”研究范式的视角，通过法律现象观察中国社会的结构和功能，在中国社会的语境中解释法律现象。特别是以日常经验、事实以及具体案例为线索，分析法律传统的演变和建构法治秩序的条件，并且深入阐述把“原则”嵌入合理行为之中的法治新范式对网络社会和风险社会的价值涵义。

课程片花地址：http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNjQyMDExMzA0.html

Module Introduction:

        The past century has witnessed an apparent development that has increasingly complicated the dynamics of human life, especially with regard to the advancement in such media systems as currency, power, and technology that drives forward institutional evolution by traversing distances that are not only spatio-temporal, but also cultural and national (based on the nation-state sovereignty). The 21st century also opens up an ever-intensifying degree of social risks, relativity and uncertainty.

       It is against this general background that the existing model of law and judiciary in China has been subject to cross-cutting pressures. A better analysis, understanding and reflection of the general social milieu thus becomes a matter of necessity should law-makers, law-enforcers, judges, prosecutors and lawyers seek better solutions in practice. An pragmatic adjustment of legal institutions to contemporary needs, be it by means of learning from other countries or of the trial-and-error process of innovation, will not be possible unless we are equipped with better social knowledge and greater familiarity with the history of thoughts.

       Needless to say, the Chinese society is a super-large-scale complex system, of which cross-cutting social networks play an ultimately important role of self-organisation. Here, individual or group-based ways of conduct and thinking are culturally distinctive, albeit with consistent practical reason of universal implications – a basis upon which there arise such comparative-law prototypes as of the constitution of social norms, the design of legal institutions, judiciary practice, the awareness of rights, justice-related social psychology, and the mechanism of ordering. With a “law and society” perspective, this module aims to put the Chinese social structure and its function under microscopic observation through legal lens, while as its obverse, to interpret legal phenomena in the Chinese social context. In particular, daily routines, facts and concrete cases will be used to map the evolution of legal traditions, analyse the conditions for constituting a rule-of-law order, and reveal the value implications on our networked and risk society of a new rule-of-law paradigm with “principles” embedded within rational actions.

 

第一周  通过日常生活观察法律现象
   1  交通秩序与法治化程度
   2  醉驾入刑的多角度透视
   3  法律、社会规范以及舆论
   4  正式规则与非正式规则的互动

第二周  社会科学视野中的规则与审判
   1  法律行为的基本模式
   2  规则实施的强制与合意
   3  审判过程中的利益衡量
   4  判决的预测以及法律的实效性

第三周  中国秩序原理的诠释
   1  韦伯的中国法律观：巫术之园
   2  对韦伯叙事的批判性分析
   3  昂格尔的中国法律观：二元结构
   4  在分形动态中修正昂格尔的图式

第四周  作为复杂系统的制度设计
   1  科层管理与平面交涉
   2  探索均衡点：以合意减少强制的成本
   3  围绕判决的互动和关系秩序
   4  在事实与规范之间寻找公正

第五周  诉讼的道德化与技术化
   1  彭宇案的蝴蝶效应
   2  公平责任原则与法官的裁量权
   3  一个判决引起的社会冷漠
   4  法律可以强行道德吗？

第六周  追问法律的正当性
   1  法律现象折射出的道德变化
   2  公德、私德以及法律实证主义
   3  自然法复兴运动与法律内在道德标准
   4  法律与道德之间关系的重构

第七周  司法改革的过去、现在以及未来
   1  作为法制发展突破口的司法改革
   2  程序与责任的结合：案件流程管理制度
   3  排除法官裁量权的尝试：电脑量刑
   4  司法监督的逻辑：舆论审判

第八周  社会主义法治国家的形状
   1  市场经济和多元社会必然要求法治秩序
   2  从应然与调整的角度重新认识法律与审判
   3  关于制度改革的顶层设计
   4  落实法治理念的驱动装置

Course Syllabus

Week 1   Legal Phenomena through the Lens of Daily Life

1.         Traffic Order and Legalisation

2.         Multiple Perspectives on Criminalising the Act of Drunken Driving

3.         Law, Social Norms and Public Opinions

4.         The Interaction between Formal and Informal Rules

Week 2   Rules and Adjudication from Social Sciences Perspectives

1.         A Basic Model of Legal Action

2.         Coercion and Consent in Implementing Rules

3.         Interests Balancing in Adjudication

4.         Prediction of Verdicts and the Efficiency of Law

Week 3   An Interpretation of the Principles in the Chinese Law and Order

1.         The Weberian Idea of the Chinese Law: Sorcery

2.         A Critical Analysis of Weber’s Narrative

3.         Unger’s Notion of the Chinese Law: a Dual Structure

4.         Revising the Ungerian Schema

Week 4   The Institutional Design of a Complex System

1.         Bureaucracy and Horizontal Administration

2.         Exploring the Equilibrium Point: to Avoid Costly Coercion by Consent

3.         Verdict-Oriented Interaction and the Order of Relations

4.         Seeking Justice between Facts and Norms

Week 5   Increasingly Moralised and Technical Litigation

1.         The Butterfly Effect of the Pengyu Case

2.         The Principle of Fairness and Accountability and Judicial Discretion

3.         A Verdict as the Cause of Social Indifference

4.         Can the Law be Forced to Become Morality?

Week 6   The Legitimacy of Law

1.         Moral Changes behind Legal Events

2.         Public and Private Morality and Legal Positivism

3.         The Resurrection of the Law-of-Nature and the Inherent Moral Standards of Law

4.         Reconstructing the Law-Morality Relation

Week 7   The Past, Present and Future of Judicial Reform

1.         Judicial Reform as a Means of Achieving Legal Breakthroughs

2.         Procedure-and-Accountability-in-One: the Process Management of Cases

3.         Nulla peona sine computer: Attempts to Eliminate Judicial Discretion

4.         The Logic of Judicial Supervision: Trial by Public Opinions

Week 8   The Status Quo of Socialist Rechtstaat

1.         The Rule of Law as a Must for Market Economy and Social Multiculturalism

2.         Re-examining Law and Judiciary through the Perspectives of Ought and Adjustment

3.         The Top-Tier Design of Institutional Reform

4.         The Incentive Scheme for Concretising the Rule-of-law Idea