Potable water treatment

This course covers the learning outcomes of understanding the hydrological cycle, the natural aquatic environment, water treatment processes, and water supply systems. Students will learn about coagulation, flocculation, filtration, disinfection, membrane filtration, and groundwater treatment. The teaching method includes lectures, readings, and practical examples. This course is intended for individuals interested in water treatment processes, environmental science, or civil engineering.

• Introduction
• Learning outcomes
• 1 Some facts about water
• 1 Some facts about water
• 2 The hydrological cycle
• 2 The hydrological cycle
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Evaporation
• 2.3 Transpiration
• 2.4 Condensation
• 2.5 Air circulation
• 2.6 Precipitation
• 2.7 Infiltration
• 2.8 Surface run-off
• 2.9 Percolation
• 2.10 Aquifers
• 2.11 Storage
• 2.12 Summary
• 3 The natural aquatic environment
• 3 The natural aquatic environment
• 3.1 Water, the medium of life
• 3.2 Dissolved oxygen
• 3.3 Physical characteristics of natural waters
• 3.3.1 Turbidity, colour and suspended solids
• 3.3.2 Speed of flow/turbulence
• 3.3.3 Temperature
• 3.4 Chemical characteristics of natural waters
• 3.4.1 Plant nutrients
• 3.4.2 Radiological aspects
• 3.5 Biological characteristics of natural waters
• 3.5.1 Algae
• 3.5.2 Bacteria
• 3.5.3 Protozoa
• 3.5.4 Fungi
• 3.5.5 Biological indicators
• 3.6 Tidal rivers and estuaries
• 3.7 Summary
• 4 Water treatment
• 4 Water treatment
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Preliminary treatment
• 4.3 Coagulation and flocculation
• 4.4 Sedimentation
• 4.5 Flotation
• 4.6 Filtration
• 4.7 Disinfection
• 4.7.1 Mixed oxidant gases system
• 4.7.2 Elimination of pathogens through solar disinfection
• 4.8 Additional treatment
• 4.8.1 Nitrate removal
• 4.8.2 Removal of trace organic compounds
• 4.9 Membrane filtration
• 4.9.1 Microfiltration
• 4.9.2 Ultrafiltration (UF)
• 4.9.3 Nanofiltration
• 4.10 Fluoridation
• 4.11 Plumbo-solvency
• 4.12 Sludge treatment and disposal
• 4.13 Groundwater treatment
• 4.14 Desalination
• 4.14.1 Multistage flash distillation
• 4.14.2 Reverse osmosis
• 4.14.3 Electrodialysis
• 4.14.4 Solar distillation
• 4.15 Summary
• 5 Water supply
• 5 Water supply
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Service reservoirs
• 5.3 Distribution systems
• 5.4 Summary
• Conclusion
• References
• Acknowledgements