Health Informatics: Data and Interoperability Standards

Once electronic health records and other clinical systems used in patient care are digital, the focus turns to how this health information can be represented and shared using standards. Developing standards that are both sufficiently comprehensive and also implementable in practice is one of the long-standing health informatics challenges in part because of the complexity of the human body and the resultant complexity of patient care. We discuss data and data sharing (interoperability) standards separately but they are inevitably intertwined since the information being shared using interoperability standards is often represented using data standards.

Lesson 1 - Data Standards

1.1 - Introduction

1.2 - Why Standards?

1.3 - Standards Evolution

1.4 - Technology Evolution

1.5 - Key Data Standards

1.6 - International Classification of Disease (ICD)

1.7 - Current Procedural Technology (CPT)

1.8 - Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC)

1.9 - National Drug Codes (NDC)

1.10 - RxNorm

1.11 - The Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine (SNOMED)

1.12 Data Standards Recap

Data Standards Activities

ICD

CPT

LOINC

NDC

RxNorm

SNOMED CT

Lesson 2 - Pre-FHIR Interoperability Standards

2.1 - Introduction

2.2 - HL7's Evolution

2.3 - HL7 V2 versus V3

2.4 - Reference Implementation Model (RIM)

2.5 - RIM and FHIR

2.6 - Clinical Documentation Architecture (CCD/CCDA) Uses RIM

2.7 - CCDA Templates

2.8 - Clinical Decision Support (CDS)

2.9 - Homer Warner's HELP System

2.10 - AI Comes to Medicine

2.11 - Arden Syntax: A Standard for Medical Logic

2.12 - Arden Explained

Lesson 3 - The HL7 FHIR Interoperability Standard

3.1 - The Origins of FHIR

3.2 - Grahame's Philosophy

3.3 - FHIR Resources

3.4 - FHIR Resource Representations

3.5 - FHIR Resource Examples

3.6 - FHIR Resource IDs

3.7 - Enabling Existing Systems

3.8 - FHIR API

3.9 - FHIRPath

3.10 - FHIR Conformance Modules

3.11 - The Argonaut Project

3.12 - Dr. Charles Jaffe Interview

3.13 - Grahame Grieve Interview

3.14 - FHIR Recap

Lesson 4 - SMART a Universal Health App platform

4.1 - A Grand Challenge

4.2 - SMART on FHIR Overview

4.3 - OAuth2

4.4 - Scopes and Permissions

4.5 - OpenID Connect

4.6 - SMART App Authorization

4.7 - SMART Backend Services

4.8 - CDS Hooks

4.9 - SMART Genomics

4.10 - Ken Mandl Interview

4.11 - Josh Mandel Interview

4.12 - Cerner's Kevin Shekelton Interview

4.13 - RIMIDI's Dr. Lucie Ide Interview