Haskell

Haskell is a general-purpose programming language known for being purely functional, non-strict with strong static typing and for having type inference.

Purely functional means that you don't update variables or modify state. Pure functions will always return the same value given the same input and will do nothing else. Functions that are referentially transparent are more predictable and more composable. Non-strict (somewhat like lazy) means that you can express infinite data structures. Strong static typing means that a lot of program errors are caught during compilation. Type inferencemeans that the compiler can often figure out the type of a value by itself. The compiler can also tell you if a value has conflicting types in different parts of the code.

There are more than 10,000 free third-party packages available at Hackage, the Haskell community's central package archive, and you can download them using the Stack tool that Exercism also uses.

You can also read the free book Learn You a Haskell for Great Good or follow the interactive tutorial at tryhaskell.org.