Special Relativity

This course was written in collaboration with Aaron Miller, a PhD in physics from Penn State University, and was integrated into a YouTube video series on MinutePhysics.

Beginning with famous thought experiments and a few intuitive principles from Newtonian mechanics, this course closely follows Einstein's arguments leading to the epiphany that time and space are a single entity, spacetime, where physical processes unfold.
After gaining experience with the mathematical machinery of relativistic physics, you will open the door to high-energy phenomena and Einstein's famous relationship, E = mc². In the end this course will boost you to the cusp of the most elegant of physical theories: general relativity.

• Reference Frames and Observers: Let there be light... and observers.
• Relative Motion of Observers: Refresh yourself on reference frames and relative speeds on the high seas.
• Propagation of Light: Retrace the steps of the first measurement of the speed of light.
• The Mystery of the Luminiferous Aether: How Michaelson and Morley used light to prove that space is empty after all.
• Einstein's Postulates: Can two events ever be simultaneous to all observers?
• Derive: Lorentz Transformations: Derive the set of equations that connect events in two different inertial frames.
• Length Contraction & Time Dilation: Learn how relativistic effects wreck havoc with space and time by solving these puzzles.
• Relativistic Laser Tag: Explore the real-world effects of relativity by playing a game of relativistic laser tag.
• Spacetime and Paradoxes: Face reality in four-dimensional spacetime.
• Cosmic Ray Muons: One of the most basic tests of relativity is raining down around you constantly.
• Spacetime Intervals and Causality: Could faster-than-light particles send information back in time?
• Chimp Twin Paradox: Can a deep-space voyage put years between two identical twins?
• Rotations in Spacetime: A different perspective on Lorentz transformations can simplify some difficult problems.
• Plight of the ABC Jungle Fruit: Solve this space-time paradox and save a starship from certain destruction.
• Superluminal Observations: Is it possible to measure a particle's velocity greater than the speed of light?
• UFO Encounter: A rotating orb flies past you, but its rotation is an illusion.
• Energy and Dynamics: A high-energy ride on the particle safari.
• Four-Velocity: Four-dimensional Space Invaders is a much harder game.
• Energy-Momentum Conservation: You rely on conservation of 4-momentum and energy each and every day.
• High-Energy Particles: Understand the invisible ballet of particle decay that bombards the Earth with cosmic rays.
• Photons: A moving light source is a brighter light source.